2. programming foundations- fundamentals - chưa làm

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4.5. Flow of Execution of the for Loop

range(4) tương đương với 0, 1, 2, 3 range (1,5) ==> 1, 2, 3, 4 Turtle methods can use negative angles or distances. So  tess.forward(-100)  will move tess backwards, and  tess.left(-30)  turns her to the right. Additionally, because there are 360 degrees in a circle, turning 30 to the left will leave you facing in the same direction as turning 330 to the right! (The on-screen animation will differ, though — you will be able to tell if tess is turning clockwise or counter-clockwise!) This suggests that we don’t need both a left and a right turn method — we could be minimalists, and just have one method. There is also a  backward  method. (If you are very nerdy, you might enjoy saying  alex.backward(-100)  to move alex forward!) Part of  thinking like a scientist  is to understand more of the structure and rich relationships in your field. So reviewing a few basic facts about geometry and number lines, like we’ve done here is a...
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2.7. Operators and Operands - toán tử và toán hạng

Reference: http://interactivepython.org/runestone/static/thinkcspy/SimplePythonData/OperatorsandOperands.html (Các bạn nếu đọc tiếng việt xong thì nhớ vào trang chủ nó mà giải bài tập) Operators  are special tokens that represent computations like addition, multiplication and division. The values the operator works on are called  operands . Các toán tử là những mã đặc biệt thể hiện các phép tính như cộng, nhân và chia. Những giá trị mà toán tử làm việc (tính toán) thì gọi là toán hạng The following are all legal Python expressions whose meaning is more or less clear: Theo những biểu thức Python hợp pháp mà có nghĩa hoặc ít nhiều rõ ràng: 20 + 32 hour - 1 hour * 60 + minute minute / 60 5 ** 2 ( 5 + 9 ) * ( 15 - 7 ) The tokens  + ,  - , and  * , and the use of parenthesis for grouping, mean in Python what they mean in mathematics. The asterisk ( * ) is the token for multiplication, and  **  is the token fo...
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4.9. Summary of Turtle Methods

Method Parameters Description Turtle None Creates and returns a new turtle object forward distance Moves the turtle forward backward distance Moves the turle backward right angle Turns the turtle clockwise left angle Turns the turtle counter clockwise up None Picks up the turtles tail down None Puts down the turtles tail color color name Changes the color of the turtle’s tail fillcolor color name Changes the color of the turtle will use to fill a polygon heading None Returns the current heading position None Returns the current position goto x,y Move the turtle to position x,y begin_fill None Remember the starting point for a filled polygon end_fill None Close the polygon and fill with the current fill color dot None Leave a dot at the current position stamp None Leaves an impression of a turtle shape at the current location shape shape name Should be ‘arrow’, ‘classic’, ‘turtle’, ‘circle’ or ‘square’
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